Tyre building plant and method for supplying an elongated element to a forming drum in a tyre building plant

ABSTRACT

A tyre building plant (1; 100) comprises a forming drum (4) and a supply device (10) for supplying an elongated element (3) towards the forming drum. The supply device comprises at least one conveyor belt (11; 101) which extends in a supply direction (X) between a loading region (12), in which the elongated element is loaded on the conveyor belt and an unloading region (13), a control unit (19) for controlling the loading of the elongated element (3) on the conveyor belt (11; 101), at least a first detection element which is fixed with a first portion (20) of the conveyor belt, a sensor (22) which is fixed and independent with respect to the conveyor belt and which detects the position of the first portion (20) with respect to the supply device. The loading of the elongated element on the conveyor belt is performed when the first portion is at a predefined reference distance from the loading region (12).

The present invention relates to a tyre building plant in which anelongated element is supplied to a forming drum by means of a supplydevice including a conveyor belt.

The invention further relates to a method for supplying an elongatedelement to a forming drum in a tyre building plant.

A tyre generally comprises a carcass structure which is tonically formedabout an axis of rotation and which includes at least one carcass plywhich has axially opposing end flaps which engage in respective annularanchoring structures, generally known as “bead cores”, which areintegrated in the zones usually identified as “beads”.

In a radially external position with respect to the carcass structure,there is provided a belt structure comprising one or more belt layerswhich are arranged with radial superimposition with respect to eachother and with respect to the carcass structure.

The belt structure can further comprise, in a radially externalposition, at least at the ends of the belt strips below, a layer oftextile or metal cords which are arranged circumferentially (at 0degrees). In tyres of the tubeless type there is further provided aradially internal layer which is referred to as a liner and which hasimpermeability characteristics in order to ensure the air-tightness forthe tyre itself.

In a radially external position with respect to the belt structure,there is applied a tread band which is produced from elastomer materialand on which there is defined a tread pattern which is intended forcontact with the road surface.

In an axially external position, respective sidewalls of elastomermaterial are further applied to the lateral surfaces of the carcassstructure, each extending from one of the lateral edges of the treadband as far as a location at the respective annular anchoring structurefor the beads.

A process for producing tyres provides for a first tyre building step,in which the various components of the tyre, including those set outabove, are assembled in a building plant so as to obtain a so-called“green” tyre, and a subsequent moulding and vulcanizing step, where thegreen tyre is subjected, for a predetermined time period, to temperatureand pressure values so as to vulcanize the elastomer material of thecomponents thereof, obtaining the final structural stability of thetyre.

In greater detail, there are known processes in which the building stepprovides for the production of one or more structural components of thetyre by means of depositing one or more elongated elements on acylindrical surface (which may be the external surface of a forming drumor the external surface of a semifinished product of the tyre which isalready deposited on that forming drum) rotating about its own axis.

Those elongated elements are deposited on the forming drum by means of asupply device which is provided to take the elongated element incontinuous form, for example, from a storage reel, cutting it to thedesired measurement and, by means of a conveyor belt, dispensing it at apredetermined speed to the forming drum in a direction tangential to theexternal surface thereof.

US2013/0160930 discloses a method for applying a ply to a forming drumfor building tyres. The method comprises the steps of receiving thesheet of flexible material on a conveyor belt of a transport table, inwhich the conveyor belt can move in translation in a direction X, andprovides for a plurality of rollers which are mounted in a rotatablemanner on the conveyor belt so that they can rotate with respect to anaxis aligned with the direction X.

US2003/0019725 discloses a material guiding system with a conveyor belttype system on which a strip of belt reinforced with cords istransported as far as a specific cutting line, the transport system forthe belt comprising a plurality of conveyor belts or groups of conveyorbelts which can be controlled individually.

The term “elongated element” is intended to be understood to be anelement having a longitudinal dimension which is prevalent with respectto the remaining dimensions. Preferably, said elongated element isconstituted only by elastomer material or comprises elastomer materialin which there are embedded additional structural elements.

Preferably, the elongated element is formed in a strip-like manner witha flattened cross-section. Preferably, the additional structuralelements comprise one or more textile or metal reinforcement cords.Those reinforcement cords are preferably arranged parallel with eachother and preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the sameelongated element.

The term “light radiation” is intended to be understood to beelectromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range correspondingto the regions of visible light, infrared and ultraviolet.

The Applicant has previously observed that an incorrect deposition ofthe elongated element on the forming drum may have relevant negativerepercussions on the quality of the tyre built.

In particular, the Applicant has observed that a first reason of anincorrect deposition is constituted by incorrect relative positioningbetween the surface of the conveyor belt on which the elongated elementis supported and the forming drum.

For this purpose, the Applicant has verified that the thickness of theconveyor belt is generally variable both over the longitudinal extentthereof and over the transverse dimension so that the relative distancebetween the conveyor belt and the cylindrical outer surface of theforming drum on which the elongated element has to be deposited is notconstant. Consequently, while a section of the conveyor belt may be toonear the surface of the forming drum, a different section of the sameconveyor belt may be too far away.

The Applicant has further discovered that this disadvantage is furthermade worse if the forming drum is controlled by a pair of parallelconveyor belts on each of which an elongated element is deposited. Infact, in this case, typically used to form on the forming drum mutuallysymmetrical pairs of components of the tyre, such as, for example, thesidewalls or the sidewall inserts, in addition to the variation inthickness over the longitudinal extent of every single belt, it isnecessary to consider the difference in thickness between the two beltsin the region of the same longitudinal section.

The Applicant has further observed that a second reason of incorrectdeposition of an elongated element on the forming drum is constituted byan imprecise length measurement of the elongated element supplied to theforming drum. The elongated element is cut to the desired length by asuitable cutting member which is controlled by a control unit which isconnected to a sensor which detects the position of the elongatedelement while it is positioned on the conveyor belt.

As a result, an imprecise detection of the position of the elongatedelement involves cutting the elongated element to a length which isdifferent from that desired.

The Applicant has verified that, among the different systems fordetecting the position of an elongated element on the conveyor belt, asystem which has provided better results is the optical detectionsystem. That system comprises a light source and a detector for lightradiation which is emitted by that source, which are positioned on thepath of the elongated element in such a manner that the light radiationemitted by the source is interrupted by the passage of the elongatedelement. At the time at which the system records the passage of theelongated element, thereby establishing the position of a front endthereof, the conveyor belt is caused to advance so as to move that frontend to a distance from the cutting member equal to the desired lengthand the cutting member is therefore actuated in order to cut theelongated element.

In the technical solutions of the type described in US 2003/0019725, thelight source and the corresponding detector are positioned upstream ofthe conveyor belt.

However, the Applicant has verified that this solution has somedisadvantages in terms of precision of the measurement of the elongatedelement, because the movement of the conveyor belt is generallysubjected to errors, owing to imprecise dimensions in the pullingmembers of the conveyor belt or phenomena of slippage of the elongatedelement with respect to the conveyor belt, sometimes as a result ofinternal tensions with respect to the elongated element itself.

In order to overcome this disadvantage, the Applicant has positioned theoptical detection system inside the conveyor belt so as to space itapart from the cutting member and to reduce to the greatest possibleextent the measurement errors as a result of the movement of the beltafter the detection of the position of the elongated element on thebelt.

This result has been obtained by making the conveyor belt dual so thateach elongated element is supplied to the forming drum by a pair ofconveyor belts which are parallel with and spaced apart from each otherso as to allow, in the space left free between the belts, the passage ofthe light radiation of an optical detection system.

However, the Applicant has verified that the control of an elongatedelement with a pair of conveyor belts involves additional relevantdisadvantages, including, in addition to a general increase of thelevels of complexity for constructing the plant and for maintaining it,the fact that it involves errors both of cutting precisely for thecutting operation and of depositing the elongated element on the formingdrum, caused by differences in the control speed of the two conveyorbelts which lead to phenomena of lateral deviation or increasedphenomena of slippage of the elongated element on the conveyor beltsarising from the reduction of the support surface thereof which isgenerally provided for the elongated element.

The Applicant has further established that not even the use of conveyorbelts with dimensional tolerances which are reduced as much as possibleis sufficient to ensure the correctness and repeatability over time ofthe deposition of an elongated element by means of a conveyor belt onthe forming drum.

On the basis of those observations, the Applicant has perceived that theproblem could be tackled adopting a different point of view, taking noteof the inevitability of the presence of dimensional variations of theconveyor belt and the advance mechanism thereof, and acting so as tomake those optional dimensional non-uniformities repeatable for eachelongated element which is supplied to the forming drum.

The Applicant has therefore found that fixedly associating a detectionelement with a specific portion of the conveyor belt establishes a pointof reference on the conveyor belt itself which allows the relativeposition of each other section of the belt to be established and, at thesame time, also allows the position of a possible front end of anelongated element supported on the conveyor belt relative to thatportion to be established.

In particular, in a first aspect thereof, the invention relates to atyre building plant comprising a forming drum and a supply device forsupplying an elongated element towards said forming drum.

Preferably, said supply device comprises at least one conveyor beltwhich extends in a supply direction between a loading region, in whichsaid elongated element is loaded on said conveyor belt, and an unloadingregion, in which said elongated element is unloaded from said conveyorbelt.

Preferably, said supply device comprises a motor member which isprovided so as to move said at least one conveyor belt between saidloading region and said unloading region.

Preferably, said supply device comprises a control unit which isprovided to control the loading of said elongated element on saidconveyor belt and the movement of said at least one conveyor belt.

Preferably, said supply device comprises at least a first detectionelement which is fixedly associated with a first portion of said atleast one conveyor belt.

Preferably, said supply device comprises a sensor which is fixed andindependent with respect to said at least one conveyor belt and which isprovided to detect the position of said first portion with respect tosaid supply device.

Preferably, said control unit is provided to control the loading of saidelongated element on said conveyor belt when said first portion is at apredefined reference distance from said loading region.

The Applicant has established that a building plant which is structuredin this manner allows for a step of depositing the elongated element onthe forming drum which is more precise with respect to a conventionalplant, without for all that incurring an increase in production andcontrol costs of the plant.

In particular, the characteristics of the building plant of the presentinvention allow supply of each elongated element in a repeatable manner,because each elongated element of equal length is supported atsubstantially all times on the same portion of conveyor belt.

In a second aspect thereof, the invention relates to a method forsupplying, by means of a supply device including at least one conveyorbelt, an elongated element to a forming drum in a tyre building plant.

Preferably, there is provision for fixedly associating at least onefirst detection element with a first portion of said at least oneconveyor belt.

Preferably, there is provision for positioning, at a loading region ofsaid supply device, a front end of said elongated element at apredefined reference distance from said first portion.

Preferably, there is provision for detecting the position of said firstportion with respect to said supply device by means of the mutualinteraction between said at least one first detection element and asensor which is positioned on said supply device fixedly andindependently with respect to said conveyor belt.

Preferably, there is provision for calculating, in accordance with thedetected position of said first portion, the movement of said at leastone conveyor belt which is necessary to bring said first portion to saidreference distance from said loading region.

Preferably, there is provision for advancing said at least one conveyorbelt towards an unloading region of said supply device until saidelongated element is deposited at said forming drum.

Preferably, there is provision for bringing, in accordance with thecalculated movement, said first portion of said at least one conveyorbelt to said reference distance from said loading region.

Preferably, there is provision for positioning a front end of asuccessive elongated element on said conveyor belt.

The Applicant has verified that, as a result of this method, eachelongated element is positioned substantially in the region of the sameportion of the conveyor belt.

In this manner, it is simpler to control the position of the conveyorbelt with respect to the forming drum because that positioning operationdoes not have to take into consideration any potential dimensionalvariations of the conveyor belt in the portions which are not involvedwith the elongated elements which are subsequently supported thereon inorder to be supplied to the forming drum.

Furthermore, this method may advantageously also be applied to thesupply of elongated elements which do not have to be cut in the regionof the conveyor belt at which the first portion is defined or which arecut on the basis of a different control system.

The present invention, in at least one of the above-mentioned aspectsthereof, may have at least one of the preferred features set out below.

Preferably, said control unit is provided to drive the loading of saidelongated element on said conveyor belt when said first portion is atsaid loading region, positioning a front end of said elongated elementon said first portion.

In this manner, it is possible to detect with precision the position ofthe elongated element at any desired location of the advance travel ofthe conveyor belt without any need to use parallel conveyor belts. As aresult of this possibility, the elongated element may be cut to adesired measurement.

In a preferred embodiment, said supply device comprises a cutting memberwhich is arranged to cut said elongated element to a predefinedmeasurement.

In this manner, the supply device is capable of cutting an elongatedelement to a predefined measurement in order to deposit it on theforming drum at the desired length.

Preferably, said cutting member is positioned at the loading region.

Preferably, said sensor is arranged to detect the position of said frontend of said elongated element on said first portion at a predetermineddistance from said cutting member.

Preferably, said cutting member is driven by said control unit in orderto cut said elongated element in accordance with the position on saidfirst portion of said front end of said elongated element as detected bysaid sensor.

In this manner, the sensor may be positioned at a distance from thecutting member which is slightly less than the minimum length at whichit has to be cut so that the advance of the conveyor belt after thedetection of the position of the front end is as small as possible so asto minimize any errors of movement of the conveyor belt.

Preferably, said at least one first detection element has an extent insaid supply direction which is less than 10%, and in a greatly preferredmanner less than 5%, of the extent in said supply direction of said atleast one conveyor belt.

Preferably, said at least one first detection element has an extent insaid supply direction which is between 50 and 300 mm, in a greatlypreferred manner of 100 mm.

In this manner, the first portion has a limited longitudinal extent, sothat the portion of conveyor belt on which the elongated element issupported is substantially always the same.

Furthermore, a limited longitudinal extent allows, in some embodimentsof the detection element, the characteristics of mechanical resistanceof the conveyor belt not to be impaired.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided on asecond portion of said at least one conveyor belt, the second portionbeing distinct and separate from said first portion, at least one seconddetection element which is provided to cooperate with said sensor orwith an auxiliary sensor in order to detect the presence of a terminalend of said elongated element.

In this manner, it is also possible to detect with precision theterminal end of the elongated element and therefore to calculate thelength of the elongated element which results from the cutting operationand which is supplied to the forming drum.

Preferably, said at least one second detection element is provided tocooperate with an auxiliary sensor which is positioned at said loadingregion.

In this manner, in order to detect the terminal end it is not necessaryto wait for the passage of the second portion in the region of a sensorwhich in general may be positioned at a given distance from the loadingregion, and this advantageously allows both the length of the conveyorbelt and the supply cycle times to be contained.

Preferably, said at least one second detection element has an extent insaid supply direction which is between 300 and 700 mm.

Preferably, said at least one first detection element or said at leastone second detection element is positioned at a longitudinal axis ofsaid at least one conveyor belt.

In this manner, each conveyor belt, if not provided with a seconddetection element, can be mounted in one direction or the other and, inthe case of supply devices comprising a plurality of parallel belts,each belt can be mounted at any position, without any need for theprovision of a stock of belts corresponding to each type of positioning.

In a preferred alternative version, said at least one first detectionelement or said at least one second detection element is positioned in astaggered position with respect to a longitudinal axis of said at leastone conveyor belt.

In this manner, the present invention may also be applied to conveyorbelts which are engaged in a guide by a protruding projection, whichextends along the longitudinal axis of the belt at the side opposite thesupport surface of the elongated element.

In an embodiment, there are provided on said first portion a pluralityof first detection elements.

In a greatly preferred manner, said plurality of first detectionelements are provided symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axisof said at least one conveyor belt.

Similarly, it is preferable for there to be provided on said secondportion a plurality of second detection elements.

It is further preferable for said plurality of second detection elementsto be provided symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axis of saidat least one conveyor belt.

As a result of this feature, the present invention may also be appliedto conveyor belts which are engaged in a guide by a protrudingprojection, which also extends along the longitudinal axis of the beltat the side opposite the support surface of the elongated element in thepresence of a plurality (first and/or second) of detection elements.

In a preferred embodiment, said sensor is of the optical type andcomprises a light radiation detector.

In a first embodiment, said at least one first detection element or saidat least one second detection element comprises a light radiationemitter.

In this case, there is provision for the light radiation to beincorporated in the conveyor belt and to be emitted in the region of thefirst portion thereof.

In an alternative embodiment, said sensor comprises a light radiationemitter which is separate and independent with respect to said conveyorbelt.

Preferably, said light radiation emitter and said light radiationdetector are arranged at the same side of said at least one conveyorbelt and said at least one first detection element or said at least onesecond detection element comprises a reflection element for said lightradiation.

In this manner, it is not necessary to have to position the lightradiation emitter and the corresponding detector at opposite sides ofthe conveyor belt, obtaining simpler control of the sensor.

Preferably, said at least one first detection element or said at leastone second detection element comprises a groove which has a closedcontour and which is formed in said at least one conveyor belt in saidsupply direction.

In this manner, any reflection element or the light radiation emittercan be received in the conveyor belt in a protected position withoutbeing involved in the direct contact with the elongated element whichcould cause undesirable wear phenomena.

In a preferred alternative version of the invention, said at least onefirst detection element or said at least one second detection elementcomprises a through-opening which has a closed contour and which isformed in said at least one conveyor belt in said supply direction.

As a result of this feature, there is obtained a plant solution which isvery simple and inexpensive. Furthermore, that solution can also bereadily implemented in existing building plants with a simplemodification of the conveyor belt.

Preferably, said light radiation emitter and said light radiationdetector are arranged at the same side of said at least one conveyorbelt and, at the opposite side to said at least one conveyor belt, thereis provided a reflection element which is provided to reflect the lightradiation emitted by said light radiation emitter towards said lightradiation detector when in alignment with said opening.

Preferably, said opening or said groove has a width between 5 mm and 30mm, in a greatly preferred manner of 10 mm.

In this manner, there is ensured an adequate passage for the lightradiation without impairing the characteristics of mechanical resistanceof the conveyor belt.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the detection of theposition of said first portion with respect to said supply devicecomprises:

-   -   recording, by means of said sensor, a signal corresponding to        the arrival of said at least one first detection element at a        detection zone which is controlled by said sensor,    -   attributing to the recording of said signal the position of said        first portion in said detection zone.

Preferably, the duration of the detection of said signal is comparedwith a minimum duration value and the position of said first portion isattributed to the recording of said signal if said duration is greaterthan said minimum value.

In this manner, there are avoided false signal detections which may beattributed to the presence in the detection zone of regions of theconveyor belt different from the first or, where applicable, the seconddetection element. In particular, some conveyor belts being closed in aring-like manner by means of a zip type closure, it is possible for thelight radiation to be able to pass through that closure (or to reflectit), generating false signals of duration which is very limited,however.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said first portion isbrought at said loading region and said elongated element is loaded onsaid at least one conveyor belt, positioning said front end on saidfirst portion.

In this manner, the reference distance predefined by the loading regionto which the first portion is brought after having loaded the elongatedelement is substantially zero, and the front end of the elongatedelement is positioned precisely thereon.

Preferably, there is further detected the position of said front end ofsaid elongated element on said first portion with respect to said supplydevice.

Furthermore, the position of said front end of said elongated element ispreferably detected by means of the mutual interaction between said atleast one first detection element and said sensor.

Preferably, the detection of the position of said front end of saidelongated element on said first portion with respect to said supplydevice comprises:

-   -   recording the start of the detection by means of said sensor of        a signal corresponding to the arrival of said at least one first        detection element at a detection zone controlled by said sensor,    -   recording the end of the detection by means of said sensor of        said signal,    -   comparing the duration of the detection of said signal with a        maximum duration value and, if said duration is less than said        maximum value, attributing to said end of the detection of said        signal the position of said front end of said elongated element        in said detection zone.

As a result of this feature, the position of the front end of theelongated element is established at a precise time.

Furthermore, by fixing a maximum duration value, it is possible to causethat maximum value to correspond to the duration of the passage of thefirst detection element in the detection zone, thereby preventing theend of the detection from being attributed to the position of the frontend even in the absence of an elongated element on the first portion.

Preferably, the position of said front end of the elongated element isattributed to said end of the detection of said signal if said durationis less than said maximum value and greater than a minimum value.

Also in that case, there is avoided the possibility referred to above ofinvolving false detections of the position of the front end of theelongated element as a result of the presence in the conveyor belt oflimited regions which allow the passage or reflection of lightradiation.

Preferably, said elongated element is cut to a predefined measurementbefore being deposited on said forming drum.

In a greatly preferred manner, said elongated element is cut to saidpredefined measurement by a cutting member which is provided at saidloading region.

Preferably, said at least one conveyor belt is moved in said supplydirection in order to move said front end of said elongated element awayfrom said cutting member.

Preferably, the position of said front end of said elongated element onsaid first portion is detected by said sensor at a distance from saidcutting member less than said predefined measurement, to which saidelongated element has to be cut.

Preferably, once said position of said front end is detected, said atleast one conveyor belt is moved in said supply direction by a lengthequal to the difference between said predefined measurement and saiddistance and said elongated element is cut by said cutting member so asto obtain an elongated element which is cut precisely.

In this manner, the advance of the conveyor belt following the detectionof the position of the front end is as small as possible, minimizing anyerrors of movement.

In a preferred version of the invention, said at least one firstdetection element comprises a through-opening which has a closed contourand which is formed in said at least one conveyor belt in said supplydirection and when said opening is at said detection zone said sensordetects a light radiation which passes from one side to the other ofsaid conveyor belt.

Preferably, a terminal end of said elongated element is positioned on asecond portion of said at least one conveyor belt, which second portionis distinct and separate from said first portion, with which there isfixedly associated at least a second detection element.

Preferably, there is detected the position of said terminal end of saidelongated element on said second portion with respect to said supplydevice by means of the mutual interaction between said at least onesecond detection element and said sensor.

Preferably, there is alternatively detected the position of saidterminal end of said elongated element on said second portion withrespect to said supply device by means of the mutual interaction betweensaid at least one second detection element and an auxiliary sensor whichis positioned at said loading region in a fixed and independent mannerfrom said conveyor belt.

In the first case, it is possible to detect both the front end and theterminal end of the elongated element with the same sensor, while in thesecond case, by arranging an auxiliary sensor in a suitable manner, itis possible to use a conveyor belt having a shorter length and tomaintain reduced cycle times.

The features and advantages of the invention will be better appreciatedfrom the detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, whichis illustrated by way of non-limiting example with reference to theappended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a tyre building plant which isproduced in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a supply device of the buildingplant of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view, drawn to an enlarged scale, of a portion of the supplydevice of FIG. 2,

FIG. 4 is a view of a construction variant of the supply device of FIG.2.

With reference to the appended Figures, there is generally designated 1a tyre building plant which is produced in accordance with the presentinvention.

The plant 1 comprises at least one building station in which an elongateelement 3 is distributed on the radially external surface of a formingdrum 4, or a component of the tyre which is provided thereon.

Preferably, the plant 1 comprises a plurality of building stations,which are arranged in a position adjacent to each other so that theforming drum can be readily moved therebetween in accordance with apredefined order, which is defined by the succession of the elongatedelements which have to be deposited thereon in order to form the tyre tobe built.

The forming drum 4 has a generally cylindrical formation and isadvantageously mounted on a motorized support unit (not illustrated inthe appended Figures) which provides for it to be rotated about its ownaxis Z and to be moved between one building station and another.

Each building station further comprises a supply device 10 which isprovided to supply the elongated element 3 towards the forming drum 4and to deposit it on the radially external surface presented thereby.

The elongated element 3 extends in a prevailing longitudinal directionbetween a front end 5 and a terminal end 6 and can be constituted by anytyre component in accordance with the type of tyre to be built in theplant 1. For example, it may be formed by a ply of the carcass, by abelt strip, by a layer of liner or complex (a multi-layered structurecomprising a liner, sub-liner, anti-abrasive) or by a sidewall insert ora sidewall (the sidewalls generally being supplied in pairs).

The elongated element 3 can therefore be formed by a continuous strip ofelastomer material which is provided with reinforcement cords or only byelastomer material and/or any other reinforcement element which isadvantageous for building a tyre, as known in the relevant technicalfield.

The supply device 10 comprises at least one conveyor belt 11 which ismounted on a frame 11a and which extends in a supply direction X betweena loading region 12, in which the elongated element 3 is loaded on theconveyor belt 11, and an unloading region 13, in which the elongatedelement 3 is unloaded from the conveyor belt 11.

In the preferred embodiment described here with reference to FIGS. 1 to3, the supply device 10 is configured to supply to the forming drum 4 apair of elongated elements which are intended to formed the sidewallinserts of a tyre and therefore comprises a pair of conveyor belts 11,which are substantially identical to each other and which are arrangedin a parallel manner.

There will be described in detail below a single conveyor belt, but itis to be understood that the same characteristics are also intended tobe referred to the other conveyor belt of the pair, and may be referredto supply devices which provide for a single conveyor belt.

Preferably, the loading region 12 and the unloading region 13 correspondto the longitudinal ends of the conveyor belt 11. Furthermore, theunloading region 13 is positioned in the vicinity of the surface of theforming drum 4, at a predefined distance, so as to promote thedepositing of the elongated element 3 thereon.

The conveyor belt 11 is closed in a ring-like manner about rollers 14which are rotatably supported on the frame 11a, so that there remainsidentified on the conveyor belt 11 a support surface 15 which isdirected upwards, and on which the elongated element 3 is positioned.

The conveyor belt 11 is caused to rotate about the rollers 14 by a drivemember 16 so that the support surface 15 thereof is moved from theloading region 12 to the unloading region 13 in the supply direction X.

Additional tension rollers 14a are further mounted on the frame 11a inorder to abut the conveyor belt 11 and to tension it in an adjustablemanner to the degree of tension which is most suitable.

In the preferred embodiment described here, the supply device 10 furthercomprises an additional conveyor belt 17 which is positioned upstream ofthe conveyor belt 11 and which is provided to take the elongated element3, for example, from a reel where the elongated element is stored in acontinuous manner, and to bring it towards the loading region 12 of theconveyor belt 11.

The supply device 10 further comprises a cutting member 18 which ispositioned at the loading region 12 of the conveyor belt 11, preferablybetween a terminal end of the additional conveyor belt 17 and theconveyor belt 11, and which is provided to cut the elongated element 3at a predefined measurement. Each cutting operation carried out by thecutting member 18 defines the terminal end 6 of an elongated element 3which is already substantially loaded on the conveyor belt 11 and thefront end 5 of the successive elongated element 3.

The supply device 10 further comprises a control unit 19 which isprovided inter alia to control the movement of the conveyor belt 11, themovement of the additional conveyor belt 17 and the cutting member 18.

In particular, the control unit 19 is provided to move the conveyorbelts 11 and 17 so as to load the elongated element 3 on the conveyorbelt 11 when a specific first portion 20 of the conveyor belt 11 islocated at a predefined reference distance from the loading region 12.

In the preferred embodiment described here, the elongated element 3 isloaded on the conveyor belt 11 when the first portion 20 is located atthe loading region 12, that is to say, when the above-mentionedreference distance is substantially zero, so that the front end 5 of theelongated element 3 is precisely positioned on the first portion 20.

The first portion 20 of the conveyor belt 11 is defined by a firstdetection element which is fixedly associated therewith.

There is further mounted on the frame 11a, in a fixed positionindependent with respect to the conveyor belt 11, a sensor 22 which isprovided to detect, by means of an interaction with the first detectionelement, the position of the first portion 20 and/or the position of thefront end 5 of the elongated element 3 which may be positioned on thefirst portion 20 with respect to the supply device 10.

In the preferred embodiment described here, the first detection elementis formed by a through-opening 21 which has a closed contour and whichis formed in the conveyor belt 11 and which extends in the supplydirection X.

The opening 21 is positioned in the region of a longitudinal axis Y ofthe conveyor belt 11 and has an extent in the supply direction X whichis limited with respect to the extent of the conveyor belt 11, having,for example, a length between 50 mm and 300 mm, preferably of 100 mm,and a width measured in a direction perpendicular to the supplydirection X of between 5 mm and 30 mm, preferably of 10 mm.

Preferably, the opening 21 has an extent in the supply direction X whichis less than 10% and preferably less than 5%, of the extent of theconveyor belt 11, which, in the embodiment illustrated here, has anextent in the supply direction of approximately 2.5 m.

The sensor 22 is of the optical type and comprises a light radiationdetector 23 and a light radiation emitter 24 which are arranged at thesame side with respect to the conveyor belt 11 in a directionsubstantially perpendicular to the support surface 15 and in the regionof the longitudinal axis thereof. In particular, the light radiationdetector 23 and the light radiation emitter 24 are positioned at theside of the support surface 15, above the conveyor belt 11, while at theopposite side to the support surface 15, under the conveyor belt 11,there is positioned a reflection element 26.

The mutual positioning of the light radiation emitter 24 and the lightradiation detector 23, on the one hand, and the reflection element 26,on the other hand, defines a detection zone 25 which is involved in thecontrol of the sensor 22 and through which the conveyor belt 11 isdriven during its advance in the supply direction X. In particular,during the passage of the first portion 20 in the region of thedetection zone 25, the radiation emitted by the light radiation emitter24 passes through the opening 21 and is reflected by the reflectionelement 26 so that, by again passing through the opening 21, it can bedetected by the light radiation detector 23. The passage of the lightradiation is instead prevented when the conveyor belt 11 or theelongated element 3 is interposed between the light radiation emitter 24and the reflection element 26.

The sensor 22 is positioned in the vicinity of the conveyor belt 11 insuch a manner that the detection zone 25 is at a distance D (measuredparallel with the supply direction X) from the cutting ember 18, whichis advantageously selected so as to be slightly less (for example, from100 to 200 mm) than the minimum length at which the elongated element 3can be cut.

In construction variants which are not illustrated, the light radiationemitter 24 and the light radiation detector 23 are independentlyarranged at opposite sides with respect to the conveyor belt 11 in adirection which is substantially perpendicular to the support surface 15and in the region of the longitudinal axis thereof. For example, thelight radiation detector 23 can be positioned at the side of the supportsurface 15, above the conveyor belt 11, while the light radiationemitter 24 can be positioned at the side opposite the support surface15, under the conveyor belt 11. In this case, it is not necessary toprovide a reflection element.

In another construction variant which is not illustrated, the reflectionelement can be positioned directly on the support surface 15 or, morepreferably, at the bottom of a groove which is formed in the conveyorbelt and which has a closed contour and a lowered profile with respectto the support surface 15.

In a further construction variant which is not illustrated, the lightradiation emitter can be incorporated in the first detection elementwhich is positioned, for example, at the bottom of a groove having aclosed contour and a lowered profile with respect to the support surfaceformed in the conveyor belt.

In the cases set out above, the groove could have dimensions of lengthand width similar to those set out above for the opening 21.

The building plant 1 operates in accordance with the following.

The elongated element 3 is moved by the additional conveyor belt 17towards the conveyor belt 11 so as to bring the front end 5 in theregion of the loading region 12.

When the control unit 19 establishes, as explained in detail above, thatthe first portion 20 of the conveyor belt 11 is in the region of theloading region 12, the additional conveyor belt 17 is moved so as totransfer the elongated element 3 onto the support surface 15 of theconveyor belt 11. The additional conveyor belt 17 and the conveyor belt11 are moved at the same speed, so as not to bring about undesirablesliding actions of the elongated element 3 with respect to the conveyorbelt 11.

In this manner, the front end 5 becomes located on the first portion 20,partially covering the opening 21.

Following the advance movement of the conveyor belt 11 in the supplydirection X, the first portion 20 arrives in the region of the detectionzone 25 which is defined by the sensor 22, where the light radiationemitted by the emitter 24 can pass through the opening 21, be reflectedby the reflection element 26 and then be detected by the detector 23,generating a corresponding signal.

The sensor 22 and/or the control unit 19 to which it is connectedrecords that signal so as to establish the start and the end (andconsequently the duration) of the detection of the light radiationcarried out by the detector 23.

The end of the detection of the light radiation can be established bythe discharge of the opening 21 from the detection zone 25 or, if anelongated element 3 is positioned on the opening 21, by the arrival inthe detection zone 25 of the front end 5 of that elongated element 3.

The start of the detection of the signal is attributed by the controlunit 19 to the arrival of the opening 21 (and therefore of the firstportion 20) in the region of the detection zone 25. In this manner, thecontrol unit 19 is capable of establishing with precision the positionof the first portion 20 with respect to a fixed reference of the supplydevice 10 and, by knowing the length of the conveyor belt and thedistance of the sensor 22 from the loading region 12, it is capable ofcalculating the movement of the conveyor belt 11 necessary to bring thefirst portion 20 into the region of the loading region 12 or, in themore general case, to bring the first portion 20 to any predefinedreference distance from the loading region 12.

Preferably, the position of the first portion 20 is attributed, asdescribed above, after the control unit 19 has subsequently compared theduration of the detection of the signal with a minimum duration value,so as to prevent possible false detections of signals which can beattributed to the presence in the detection zone of an optional zip typeclosure of the conveyor belt 11.

The end of the detection of the signal is attributed by the control unit19 to the arrival in the detection zone 25 of the front end 5 of theelongated element 3. In this manner, the control unit 19 is capable ofestablishing with precision the position of the front end 5 of theelongated element 3 with respect to a fixed reference of the supplydevice 10.

Therefore, by knowing the predefined measurement at which the elongatedelement 3 has to be cut and the distance D between the detection zone 25and the cutting member 18, the control unit 19 is capable of calculating(by subtracting the distance D from the predefined measurement) themovement of the conveyor belt 11 necessary for bringing the front end 5to a distance from the cutting member 18 corresponding to thatpredefined measurement.

Preferably, the position of the front end 5 is attributed, as describedabove, after the control unit 19 has subsequently also compared theduration of the detection of the signal, in addition to a comparisonwith a minimum value as explained above, with a maximum duration value,so that the end of the opening 21 is not incorrectly mistaken for thearrival of the front end 5.

The conveyor belt 11 is then moved in the supply direction X away fromthe cutting member 18, by a length equal to the difference between thatpredefined measurement and the distance D and, at that location, theelongated element 3 is cut by the cutting member 18 at the instructionof the control unit 19.

The conveyor belt 11 is then further moved in order to advance theelongated element 3 which is now cut to the predefined measurement inthe supply direction X as far as the loading region 13 where it isdeposited in the region of the forming drum 4.

The conveyor belt 11 is then further caused to rotate about the rollers14 until the first portion 20 is brought into the region of the loadingregion 12, on the basis of the movement calculated previously by thecontrol unit 19.

At this point, there may be positioned on the first portion 20 the frontend of a successive elongated element.

In FIG. 4, there is generally designated 100 a second embodiment of thebuilding plant according to the invention wherein similar elements withrespect to the building plant 1 are indicated using the same referencenumeral.

The building plant 100 differs from the building plant of the precedingexample as a result of a different configuration of the conveyor beltand the first detection element.

In particular, the building plant 100 comprises a pair of conveyor belts101, which are configured identically and each of which comprises aprotruding projection at the opposite side to the support surface 15over a predefined measurement and extends along the longitudinal axis Yover the entire extent of the conveyor belt 101.

The projection is engaged in a sliding manner in suitable guides whichare formed on the frame 11a so as to allow a more coherent advance inthe supply direction X, limiting any lateral deviations of the conveyorbelt.

In order not to interrupt the continuity of the projection, on theconveyor belt 101 there is provided a pair of first detection elementswhich are formed by respective openings 102, which are provided in astaggered position with respect to the longitudinal axis Y.

Preferably, the openings 102 have similar dimensions with respect to theopening 21 of the plant 1, and are arranged in a symmetrical positionwith respect to the longitudinal axis Y, parallel therewith.

Naturally, in this embodiment there is provision for the sensor 22 tocomprise a pair of elements for detecting light radiation, acorresponding pair of light radiation emitters and a corresponding pairof reflection elements.

There is further defined on each conveyor belt 101 a second portion 103which is separate and distinct from the first portion 20 and which isidentified by a second detection element which is fixedly associatedwith the second portion 103 and provided to cooperate with an auxiliarysensor 105, which is mounted in the region of the loading region 12 inorder to detect the presence of the terminal end 6 of the elongatedelement 3.

The second detection element has an extent in the supply direction whichis generally greater than the first detection element because it has tobe able to detect the position of the terminal end 6 of elongatedelements which can generally have measurements which are different fromeach other in accordance with the tyre to be built on the forming drum4.

Preferably, the second detection element has an extent in the supplydirection X of from 300 to 700 mm.

The second detection element is advantageously constructed in a mannersimilar to the first detection element, also in accordance with theconfiguration of the sensor 22, so that, on the conveyor belt 101, thereis provided a pair of openings 104 which are arranged symmetrically withrespect to the longitudinal axis Y in alignment with the openings 102.

The functionality of the plant 100 is similar to that of the plant 1,with the additional characteristic, afforded by the provision of thesecond detection element, of being able to control the position of theterminal end 6 and consequently being able to establish the length ofthe elongated element 3 which is cut by the cutting member 18.

Naturally, a person skilled in the art could apply additionalmodifications and variants to the invention described above for thepurpose of complying with specific and contingent applicationrequirements, variants and modifications in any case being includedwithin the scope of protection as defined by the appended claims,

1.-42. (canceled)
 43. A tyre building plant comprising a forming drumand a supply device for supplying an elongated element toward saidforming drum, said supply device comprising: at least one conveyor beltextending in a supply direction between a loading region, wherein in theloading region, said elongated element is loaded on said conveyor belt,and an unloading region, wherein in the unloading region, said elongatedelement is unloaded from said conveyor belt; a motor member configuredfor moving said at least one conveyor belt between said loading regionand said unloading region; a control unit configured for controlling theloading of said elongated element on said conveyor belt and moving ofsaid at least one conveyor belt; at least a first detection elementfixedly associated with a first portion of said at least one conveyorbelt; and a sensor, wherein the sensor is fixed and independent withrespect to said at least one conveyor belt and detects a position ofsaid first portion with respect to said supply device, wherein saidcontrol unit is further configured for controlling the loading of saidelongated element on said conveyor belt when said first portion is at apredefined reference distance from said loading region.
 44. The buildingplant according to claim 43, wherein said control unit drives theloading of said elongated element on said conveyor belt when said firstportion is at said loading region, and positions a front end of saidelongated element on said first portion.
 45. The building plantaccording to claim 44, wherein said supply device comprises a cuttingmember configured for cutting said elongated element to a predefinedmeasurement.
 46. The building plant according to claim 45, wherein saidsensor detects a position of said front end of said elongated element onsaid first portion at a predetermined distance from said cutting member.47. The building plant according to claim 46, wherein said control unitdrives said cutting member to cut said elongated element in accordancewith a position on said first portion of said front end of saidelongated element as detected by said sensor.
 48. The building plantaccording to claim 47, wherein said cutting member is positioned at saidloading region.
 49. The building plant according to claim 48, whereinsaid at least one first detection element extends in said supplydirection less than 10% of the extension in said supply direction ofsaid at least one conveyor belt.
 50. The building plant according toclaim 49, wherein said at least one first detection element extends insaid supply direction in an amount ranging from 50 mm to 300 mm.
 51. Thebuilding plant according to claim 50, further comprising a secondportion of said at least one conveyor belt, wherein the second portionis distinct and separate from said first portion, and at least onesecond detection element, wherein the second detection elementcooperates with said sensor or with an auxiliary sensor to detect aterminal end of said elongated element.
 52. The building plant accordingto claim 51, wherein said at least one second detection elementcooperates with an auxiliary sensor positioned at said loading region.53. The building plant according to claim 52, wherein said at least onesecond detection element extends in said supply direction in an amountranging from 300 mm to 700 mm.
 54. The building plant according to claim53, wherein said at least one first detection element or said at leastone second detection element is positioned at a longitudinal axis ofsaid at least one conveyor belt.
 55. The building plant according toclaim 53, wherein said at least one first detection element or said atleast one second detection element is positioned in a staggered positionwith respect to a longitudinal axis of said at least one conveyor belt.56. The building plant according to claim 55, further comprising aplurality of first detection elements on said first portion.
 57. Thebuilding plant according to claim 56, wherein said plurality of firstdetection elements are provided symmetrically with respect to alongitudinal axis of said at least one conveyor belt.
 58. The buildingplant according to claim 57, further comprising a plurality of seconddetection elements on said second portion.
 59. The building plantaccording to claim 58, wherein said plurality of second detectionelements are provided symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axisof said at least one conveyor belt.
 60. The building plant according toclaim 59, wherein said sensor is optical and comprises a light radiationdetector.
 61. The building plant according to claim 60, wherein said atleast one first detection element or said at least one second detectionelement comprises a light radiation emitter.
 62. The building plantaccording to claim 60, wherein said sensor comprises a light radiationemitter and is separate and independent from said conveyor belt.
 63. Thebuilding plant according to claim 62, wherein said light radiationemitter and said light radiation detector are arranged at the same sideof said at least one conveyor belt and said at least one first detectionelement or said at least one second detection element comprises areflection element for said light radiation.
 64. The building plantaccording to claim 63, wherein said at least one first detection elementor said at least one second detection element comprises a groove with aclosed contour and formed in said at least one conveyor belt in saidsupply direction.
 65. The building plant according to claim 63, whereinsaid at least one first detection element or said at least one seconddetection element comprises a through-opening with a closed contour andformed in said at least one conveyor belt in said supply direction. 66.The building plant according to claim 65, wherein said light radiationemitter and said light radiation detector are arranged at the same sideof said at least one conveyor belt, and at the opposite side of said atleast one conveyor belt, a reflection element is provided to reflect thelight radiation emitted by said light radiation emitter toward saidlight radiation detector when in alignment with said opening.
 67. Thebuilding plant according to claim 66, wherein said through-opening has awidth ranging from 5 mm to 30 mm.
 68. The building plant according toclaim 66, wherein said groove has a width ranging from 5 mm to 30 mm.